Peer-Reviewed Evidence

Published research on QuickBoard.

QuickBoard drills appear in Wilk et al. (IJSPT 2024), a two-part clinical commentary on ACL rehab. The studies below cover orthopedic rehab, sports performance, cognitive-motor methodology, and balance and neuro populations. Each card states who ran the study, who took part, and any tie to QuickBoard.

QuickBoard is named in Wilk et al. (IJSPT 2024), a peer-reviewed clinical commentary titled Neurocognitive and Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Techniques after ACL Injury. Below is the published research, organized by population. Population matters: athletic studies apply to sports and ortho audiences, balance and neuro studies apply to fall prevention and rehabilitation populations. We cite each study to its journal and institution so clinicians can verify directly.

What this means for your decision: each card states who was studied, how, and how strong the evidence is. Some are randomized trials, some are single-group studies, and some are expert commentary. Match the study to your population, then weigh it by its design.

Headline citation

Wilk et al. (2024), Part 1, and Thomas et al. (2024), Part 2. Neurocognitive and Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Techniques after ACL Injury. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy.

This two-part clinical commentary shows QuickBoard reaction drills as one way to add a brain challenge to ACL rehab. QuickBoard is one of several reaction tools the authors name.

The QuickBoard Agility Rating Report showing the composite score, symmetry summary, exercise results, and radar chart
The QuickBoard Agility Rating Report: composite score, symmetry summary, exercise results, and radar chart.
ACL & Orthopedic Rehabilitation

Research in ACL and ortho populations.

Wilk et al. and Thomas et al. · IJSPT · 2024 · Clinical Commentary

Neurocognitive and neuromuscular rehabilitation techniques after ACL injury, Part 1: optimizing recovery in the acute post-operative phase. A clinical commentary. Part 2, by Thomas et al., covers maximizing performance in the advanced return to sport phase. Both parts appeared in the International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. Four sports physical therapists wrote them as expert commentary, with no patient data.

The authors show QuickBoard stepping and reaction drills as one way to add a brain challenge to ACL rehab. QuickBoard is one of several reaction tools they name. Part 1 says QuickBoard may support single and double leg drills while assessing accuracy, reaction time and limb symmetry. Part 2 shows QuickBoard foot fire and reactive hop drills for later-stage rehab. The authors urge clinicians to train the brain, not just the knee, from before surgery through return to sport.

Read the papers: Part 1, IJSPT 2024;19(11):1373-1385 · Part 2, IJSPT 2024;19(12):1629-1641

Chmielewski et al. · IJSPT · 2024 · Independent Study

Advanced neuromuscular training differentially changes performance on visuomotor reaction tests and single-leg hop tests in patients with ACL reconstruction. Published in the International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. Independent research by TRIA Orthopedic Center, the University of Minnesota, and Mayo Clinic. Twenty-five patients after ACL reconstruction, ages 14 to 30, who played cutting and pivoting sports, completed a five-week return-to-sport training program. QuickBoard was the reaction test. The training was a separate program.

Hop test scores improved more than QuickBoard reaction test scores, and reaction errors did not go down. Patients who met the 90% hop symmetry standard on every hop test did not score better on the reaction tests than patients who missed it. The authors conclude that patients may still lean on extra mental effort to move after ACL reconstruction, and that rehab needs more dual-task challenges.

Read the paper, IJSPT 2024;19(11):1324-1332 (PubMed Central)

Grooms et al. · JOSPT · 2015 · Clinical Commentary

Neuroplasticity following anterior cruciate ligament injury: a framework for visual-motor training approaches in rehabilitation. Published in the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. Dustin Grooms of The Ohio State University and colleagues build a framework from published research. It is expert commentary and collected no data of its own. QuickBoard is not named in it.

The authors write that ACL injury brings changes in the nervous system, not only in the knee. They propose adding cognitive and visual-motor training to traditional neuromuscular rehab, not replacing it. They suggest PTs, athletic trainers and strength coaches use visual-training tools to build on current neuromuscular training.

Read the abstract, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(5):381-393 (PubMed)

University of Mississippi · Agility Rating Validation · University Research (unpublished)

QuickBoard Agility Rating validation. University research validating the Agility Rating composite score against established performance tests. The university is preparing the manuscript for journal submission. Publication is expected in late 2026.

How QuickBoard was used: The university validated QuickBoard's Agility Rating score against force plate measurements, the Star Drill and the T-test. The university bought and owns its QuickBoards, and the study was unfunded.

The validation study confirms a strong correlation with force plate measurements, the Star Drill, and the T-test. Teams and clinics use the Agility Rating for baselines, for tracking rehabilitation progress, and for return-to-sport decisions.

Sports Performance

Sports performance research.

Galpin et al. · JSCR · 2008 · Industry-Funded Study

A 4-week choice foot speed and choice reaction training program improves agility in previously non-agility trained, but active men and women. Published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. Run at the University of Memphis. Twenty-three active adults who were new to agility training took part. They were not competitive athletes. The device was the Quick Feet board, an earlier QuickBoard model.

How QuickBoard was used: The Quick Board, LLC provided funding and the equipment. Participants trained on QuickBoard, and the board's tests measured foot speed and reaction time. The change-of-direction test was run off the board.

Eleven adults trained foot speed and choice reaction on the board for four weeks. Twelve others did no training. The trained group improved foot speed by 26% and reaction time by 19%. The training also transferred to a separate change-of-direction test that was not part of the program. The trained group cut about 0.45 seconds, roughly 7%, from an electronically timed 20-meter course run off the board. The control group did not improve on any of the tests. The three tests measured partly different skills. The authors found the board accurate and reliable for measuring foot speed and reaction time. They call for follow-up studies in competitive athletes.

Read the abstract, J Strength Cond Res 2008;22(6):1901-1907 (PubMed)

Martin · University of Louisville · 2012 · Master's Thesis

Assessment of fatigue in Division I female soccer players by weekly measurement of cognitive speed and power output. A master's thesis by Lisa Christine Martin at the University of Louisville. It is not a peer-reviewed journal article. Seventeen Division I women's soccer players were tested once a week through one season. There was no control group. Reaction time was measured on a QuickBoard.

The thesis asked which weekly test best matched signs of fatigue: jump height, jump power or reaction time. Slower reaction times went along with more self-reported stress symptoms. Over the season, reaction times got faster, and stress symptoms and effort ratings fell. On average the players did not build up fatigue, so there was little fatigue for any test to track. The author calls it a pilot that shows early promise for reaction time as a fatigue check.

Read the thesis record, University of Louisville (ThinkIR)

Engeroff et al. · Perceptual and Motor Skills · 2019 · Independent Study

Explaining upper or lower extremity crossover effects of visuomotor choice reaction time training. Published in Perceptual and Motor Skills. A randomized controlled trial at Goethe University Frankfurt, with no QuickBoard staff among the authors. Healthy young adults, average age 24.6, were randomly assigned to one of three groups. For four weeks, 12 trained with the feet, 12 trained with the hands, and 13 served as controls. The abstract names only "a computerized training device." The same team's 2021 paper on these participants names it as QuickBoard.

Foot training sped up choice reaction time in the feet, and the gain carried over to the hands. Hand training improved the hands and a cognitive choice reaction test, but did not carry over to the feet. Neither kind of training changed attention, executive function, memory or working memory. Population studied: healthy, active young adults. Not athletes, and not a fall-risk or neuro population.

Read the paper, Percept Mot Skills 2019;126(4):675-693 (PubMed)

Blog: why training feet also speeds up hand reaction time

Zhang et al. · Frontiers in Physiology · 2026 · Independent Study

The impact of computerized agility training on basketball performance: a comparative study with rope ladder training. Published in Frontiers in Physiology. Randomized research at Dalian University, China. The paper states no QuickBoard role in its design, funding or authorship. The 64 men's college basketball players, ages 18 to 24, trained three times a week for four weeks. Half (32) trained on QuickBoard. The other 32 did agility ladder training, which moved from ladder drills in week 1 to other agility drills in weeks 2 to 4. Both programs matched session count, session length and heart-rate target.

On the Agility T-Test, QuickBoard players cut their time 5.4%, more than double the 2.3% cut by the agility ladder group. The Agility T-Test was not one of the training drills, though both programs included change-of-direction work. The training also carried over to a basketball skill test run off the board. QuickBoard players improved reaction time 7x as much, 9.8% vs 1.4% for the agility ladder group. They cut total skill-test time 7x as much, 2.1% vs 0.3%. On the board's own tests, QuickBoard players gained more foot speed, 7.0% vs 2.4%. They also cut choice reaction time more, 6.9% vs 0.7%. Accuracy improved in both groups, with no real difference between them. There was no follow-up after the four weeks.

Read the paper, Front Physiol 2026;17:1772554 (Frontiers)

Paquette et al. · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · 2016 · Boards Supplied by QuickBoard

Computerized agility training improves change-of-direction and balance performance independently of footwear in young adults. Published in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. Run by the University of Memphis. The QuickBoard, LLC supplied the boards but did not fund the study. Thirty recreationally active young adults, average age 22.8, were split at random into barefoot, minimal-shoe and regular-shoe groups. All three groups did the same six weeks of QuickBoard training. Population studied: recreationally active, nonathletic young adults. Not athletes, and not older adults, patients or neuro populations.

All groups got faster on a change-of-direction test. Reach balance and eyes-open single-leg stability also improved, starting as early as two weeks in. Eyes-closed stability did not improve. Footwear made no difference. The journal issued a correction in 2017 to the balance reach values in one table.

Read the abstract, Res Q Exerc Sport 2017;88(1):44-51 (PubMed)

Bonnette et al. · Journal of Sports Science and Medicine · 2020 · Supporting Research

A technical report on the development of a real-time visual biofeedback system to optimize motor learning and movement deficit correction. Published in the Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. From Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, the University of Cincinnati and UNC Chapel Hill. Eleven healthy female high school volleyball players each did one lab session, with no control group. The authors disclose potential royalties from the feedback system. QuickBoard is not named in it.

The athletes did 40 bodyweight squats with a live display tracking four ACL injury-risk measures. Afterward, they squatted closer to the target pattern, even with the display off. In drop jumps, 3 of 7 landing measures improved. After a correction for running many tests, only the drop in knee extensor load held up. The authors say that without a control group, they cannot be sure the feedback caused the gains.

Read the paper, J Sports Sci Med 2020;19(1):84-94 (PubMed Central)

Free Download

Put this research to work: the RTS Reactive-Readiness Checklist

A one-page checklist built from the studies on this page. Physical readiness criteria on one side, the cognitive-motor criteria hop tests miss on the other. PT clinics and sports medicine facilities use it during return-to-sport evaluations. Email only. No demo required.

The checklist downloads immediately after you enter your email.

Cognitive-Motor Methodology

Foundational research behind the training model.

QuickBoard's training model draws on established motor learning and cognitive-motor research. These are the studies that ground the approach.

Wulf · 2001 · Constrained Action Hypothesis · Supporting Research

Attentional focus and motor learning: the constrained action hypothesis. Wulf's model for why attention on a target outperforms attention on body mechanics. Cited as a design principle, not as an outcome study.

Across many studies, an external focus of attention (on movement effects in the environment) has produced better performance than an internal focus (on body parts). A 2024 reanalysis in Psychological Bulletin corrected this literature for publication bias and found the averaged advantage smaller than previously reported, so we treat external focus as a design principle rather than a settled effect. The most consistent finding is that internal cueing degrades movement. QuickBoard's iPad-screen visual stimulus keeps attention external during reactive training.

Downing et al. · University of Memphis · Conference Poster

Discrimination reaction time and decision making on the QuickBoard. A University of Memphis research poster testing 44 college students across seven stimulus-complexity conditions. This is a conference poster, not a peer-reviewed journal article.

How QuickBoard was used: Participants responded to QuickBoard stimuli across seven complexity conditions. The university bought and owns its QuickBoards, and the study was unfunded.

Reaction time scales predictably with the number of choice stimuli, supporting QuickBoard's progressive cognitive load protocols (Go/No-Go, Discrimination, Stroop).

Balance & Neuro

Balance and neuro rehabilitation evidence.

Population matching: this evidence applies to fall prevention, stroke, TBI, and vestibular populations.

Li et al. · University of Memphis · Conference Poster

Effects of a reactive exercise intervention on stroke patients, an exploratory study. An exploratory pilot study of ten patients at the University of Memphis testing a reactive cognitive-motor exercise program against a control group that continued regular activities with no additional organized exercise program, in post-stroke patients. This is a conference poster, not a peer-reviewed journal article.

How QuickBoard was used: The intervention group did a reactive exercise program on QuickBoard. The university bought and owns its QuickBoards, and the study was unfunded.

The QuickBoard group significantly improved on the modified Rankin Scale, a clinical stroke-recovery measure, while the control group did not. Balance testing showed a trend toward greater improvement in the QuickBoard group but did not reach statistical significance. Reaction time was not measured in this study.

Research FAQ

Common questions about the evidence.

Much of it is, and this page says which. Galpin et al. (JSCR, 2008), Chmielewski et al. (IJSPT, 2024), Paquette et al. (Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2016), Engeroff et al. (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2019), and Zhang et al. (Frontiers in Physiology, 2026) are peer-reviewed studies, and each links to its source record. Wilk et al. (IJSPT, 2024) and Grooms et al. (JOSPT, 2015) are peer-reviewed clinical commentaries, not studies. Bonnette et al. (2020) is a peer-reviewed technical report with a small pilot test. The University of Louisville work is a master's thesis. The University of Mississippi and University of Memphis work is unpublished university research and conference posters. Each is labeled that way.

Every peer-reviewed study on this page links straight to the journal, DOI, or PubMed record, so you can read the source yourself. The University of Louisville thesis links to its university record. The two conference posters and the University of Mississippi work are unpublished and available on request. Email info@thequickboard.com for institutional reprints or full-text access where available.

Match the study to the audience. For ACL and orthopedic rehab, see Chmielewski 2024, Wilk 2024, and Grooms 2015. For sports performance, see Zhang et al. 2026, Galpin 2008, Engeroff 2019, Paquette 2016, Martin 2012, and Bonnette 2020. Galpin, Engeroff, and Paquette studied active young adults, not athletes or patients. For fall prevention and neuro rehab, see the University of Memphis stroke pilot (Li et al.). Wulf 2001 is a motor learning principle behind the training design, not an outcome study.

The evidence is early. In Paquette et al. (2016), active young adults improved reach balance and eyes-open single-leg stability over six weeks of QuickBoard training. Eyes-closed stability did not improve. In the University of Memphis stroke pilot (Li et al.), balance trended better with QuickBoard but was not statistically significant. The app's Balance Protocol is built for at-risk and neuro populations.

Lower-extremity training, in the QuickBoard trial that compared them. A randomized controlled trial at Goethe University Frankfurt compared them directly. Healthy young adults were assigned to four weeks of foot training, hand training, or a control group. Foot-based reactive training on QuickBoard improved visuomotor choice reaction time in both the legs and the arms. Hand-based training improved the hands only, with no carryover to the feet (Engeroff et al., Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2019). The transfer ran one way, from feet to hands. The sample was healthy young adults, so do not read it as evidence for fall-risk or neuro populations. That one-way transfer is why QuickBoard protocols start with standing foot reactions and add Companion hand targets on top.

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